Примечания
Примечания
Предисловие. Евразийская кайма
1. C. R. Boxer. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415–1825. L.: Hutchinson, 1969. P. 65.
2. Луис де Камоэнс. Лузиады. Песнь шестая: 93.
3. Charles Verlinden. The Indian Ocean: The Ancient Period and the Middle Ages // Satish Chandra. The Indian Ocean: Explorations in History, Commerce and Politics. New Delhi: Safe, 1987. P. 27.
ЧАCТЬ ПЕРВАЯ
Глава 1. Китай: экспансия «по вертикали»; Индия: экспансия «по горизонтали»
1. Sugata Bose. A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006. P. 10, 34.
2. Ibid. P. 12, 13.
3. Michael Pearson. The Indian Ocean. N. Y.: Routledge, 2003. P. 12.
4. Fareed Zakaria. The Post-American World. N. Y.: Norton, 2008.
5. Felipe Fernа?ndez-Armesto. Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration. N. Y.: Norton, 2006. P. 31.
6. Janet L. Abu-Lughod. Before European Hegemony: The World System A. D. 1250–1350. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 1989. P. 291, цитируется Tom? Pires.
7. John Keay. The Honourable Company: A History of the English East India Company. L.: HarperCollins, 1991. P. 104.
8. Heather Timmons and Somini Sengupta. Building a Modern Arsenal in India // New York Times. 2007. August 31. (Цитируется высказывание Ситаншу Кара, пресс-секретаря Минобороны Индии.)
9. International Energy Agency. World Energy Outlook 2007. P., 2007.
10. Bethany Danyluk, Juli A. MacDonald, and Ryan Tuggle. Energy Futures in Asia: Perspectives on India’s Energy Security Strategy and Policies. Booz Allen Hamilton, 2007.
11. Andrew Erickson and Gabe Collins. Beijing’s Energy Security Strategy: The Significance of a Chinese State-Owned Tanker Fleet // Orbis. 2007. Fall.
12. Martin Walker. CHIMEA: The Emerging Hub of the Global Economy // A. T. Kearney report, Washington, D.C., 2008. (Десять судов ежедневно и ежечасно минуют Малаккский пролив.)
13. Thomas P. M. Barnett. India’s 12 Steps to a World-Class Navy // Proceedings. Annapolis. 2001. MD, July.
14. James R. Holmes and Toshi Yoshihara. China and the United States in the Indian Ocean: An Emerging Strategic Triangle? // Naval War College Review. 2008. Summer.
15. Juli A. MacDonald, Amy Donahue, and Bethany Danyluk. Energy Futures in Asia: Final Report // Booz Allen Hamilton. 2004. November. (Цитата изначально использована Россом Мунро, экспертом по китайским вопросам.)
16. Holmes and Yoshihara. China and the United States in the Indian Ocean.
17. Китай строит подобные сооружения в Камбодже, в Сиамском заливе и Южно-Китайском море. MacDonald, Donahue, and Danyluk. Energy Futures in Asia; Malik. Energy Flows and Maritime Rivalries in the Indian Ocean Region.
18. Andrew Erickson and Lyle Goldstein. Gunboats for China’s New ‘Grand Canals’? // Naval War College Review. 2009. Spring.
19. Louise Levathes. When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasury Fleet of the Dragon Throne. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 1994; Thant Myint-U. The River of Lost Footsteps: A Personal History of Burma. N. Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006. P. 66; Richard Hall. Empires of the Monsoon: A History of the Indian Ocean and Its Invaders. L.: HarperCollins, 1996. P. 79.
20. M. Shamsur Rabb Khan. Time to Revive India – Iran Relations // India Post.com. 2008. Jan. 27.
21. Kemp, East Moves West.
22. Ramtanu Maitra. India-US Security: All at Sea in the Indian Ocean // Asia Times. 2007. Dec. 6.
23. MacDonald, Donahue, and Danyluk. Energy Futures in Asia.
24. Greg Sheridan. East Meets West // National Interest. 2006. November/December.
25. Ibid.
26. Walker. CHIMEA.
ЧАСТЬ ВТОРАЯ
Глава 2. Оман – повсюду
1. Felipe Fernа?ndez-Armesto. Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration. N. Y.: Norton, 2006. P. 36.
2. Alan Villiers. Monsoon Seas: The Story of the Indian Ocean. N. Y.: McGraw Hill, 1952. P. 55.
3. Juliet Highet. Frankincense: Oman’s Gift to the World. N. Y.: Prestel, 2006.
4. Ministry of National Heritage and Culture, Oman: A Seafaring Nation. Muscat: Sultanate of Oman, 2005.
5. The Travels of Marco Polo, ch. 37.
6. Janet L. Abu-Lughod. Before European Hegemony: The World System A. D. 1250–1350. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 1989. P. 203; Richard Hall. Empires of the Monsoon: A History of the Indian Ocean and Its Invaders. L.: HarperCollins, 1996. P. 8.
7. Keay, Honourable Company. P. 16, 17.
8. Andr? Wink. Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, vol. 1. Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th–11th Centuries. Boston and Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill, 1990, 2002. P. 4.
9. Halford Mackinder. The Geographical Pivot of History // Geographical Journal. L., 1904. April.
10. Fernа?ndez-Armesto. Pathfinders. P. 33.
11. Abu-Lughod. Before European Hegemony. P. 198, 199. См. также: Hourani. P. 47, 62; Wink. Al-Hind. P. 50.
12. Abu-Lughod. Before European Hegemony. P. 200, 208, 261.
13. Fernа?ndez-Armesto. Pathfinders. P. 64.
14. Patricia Risso. Merchants & Faith: Muslim Commerce and Culture in the Indian Ocean. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1995. P. 46; Philip D. Curtin. Cross-Cultural Trade in World History. N. Y.: Cambridge University Press, 1984. P. 121.
15. George F. Hourani. Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1951. P. 4, 23.
16. Abu-Lughod. Before European Hegemony. P. 242.
17. Marshall G. S. Hodgson. The Venture of Islam, vol. 2. The Expansion of Islam in the Middle Periods. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. P. 542, 543.
18. Risso. Merchants & Faith. P. 53.
19. Ibid. P. 5, 6, 54, 71, 72.
20. Ibid. P. 23, 24.
21. Peter Boxhall. Portuguese Seafarers in the Indian Ocean // Asian Affairs. 1992. Vol. 23. № 3.
22. Nayan Chandra. When Asia Was One // GlobalAsia: A Journal of the East Asia Foundation. 2006. September.
23. Hall. Empires of the Monsoon. P. 24, 25, 63.
24. Chanda. When Asia Was One.
25. Abu-Lughod. Before European Hegemony. P. 253.
Глава 3. Границы и преграды согласно лорду Керзону
1. George N. Curzon. Frontiers: The Romanes Lecture 1907. 1907; Reprint, Boston: Elibron Classics, 2006.
2. Ibid. P. 13–16.
3. Peter Mansfield. The Arabs. Harmondsworth, Eng.: Penguin, 1976. P. 371 of Penguin; Curzon. Frontiers. P. 42.
4. Bernard Lewis. The Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2000 Years. N. Y.: Simon & Schuster, 1995. P. 66. См. также: Ayesha Jalal. Partisans of Allah. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008.
5. Calvin H. Allen Jr. Oman: A Separate Place // Wilson Quarterly. 1987. New Year’s.
6. Ibid.
7. Richard Hall. Empires of the Monsoon: A History of the Indian Ocean and Its Invaders. L.: HarperCollins, 1996. P. 355.
8. Ibid.
9. Samuel P. Huntington. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968. P. 5, 6.
10. Презентация профессора антропологии Гарвардского университета Engseng Ho на конференции Port City States of the Indian Ocean (Harvard University and the Dubai Initiative. 2008. Feb. 9–10).
Глава 4. «Индийские края»
1. C. R. Boxer. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415–1825, with an introduction by J. H. Plumb. L.: Hutchinson, 1969. P. 354.
2. Landeg White. Introduction to Luiz Vaz de Cam?es, The Lus?ads. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 1997.
3. George F. Hourani. Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1951. P. 35.
4. Edward Gibbon. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. 1776; reprint, N. Y.: Knopf, 1993. Ch. 2. См. также: Janet L. Abu-Lughod, Before European Hegemony: The World System A. D. 1250–1350. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 1989. P. 265.
5. Abu-Lughod. Before European Hegemony. P. 265.
6. Burton Stein. A History of India. Oxford, Eng.: Blackwell, 1998. P. 100–104, 127, 128.
7. Richard Hall. Empires of the Monsoon: A History of the Indian Ocean and Its Invaders. L.: HarperCollins, 1996. P. 323.
8. Более детально об этом см. в кн.: Fernand Braudel. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, vol. 2. 1949; N. Y.: Harper & Row, 1973. P. 1174–1176.
9. A. J. R. Russell-Wood. The Portuguese Empire, 1415–1808: A World on the Move. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. P. 22.
10. K. M. Pannikar. Asia and Western Dominance. L.: Allen & Unwin, 1959. P. 17.
11. Ibid. P. 24.
12. Hall. Empires of the Monsoon. P. 190.
13. Panikkar. Asia and Western Dominance. P. 17, 24, 313.
14. Ibid. P. 25.
15. Peter Russell. Prince Henry «the Navigator»: A Life. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000.
16. Saudi Aramco World. 1962. June/July.
17. Patricia Risso. Merchants & Faith: Muslim Commerce and Culture in the Indian Ocean. Boulder. CO: Westview, 1995. P. 36; Jakub J. Grygiel. Great Powers and Geopolitical Change. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. P. 41, 42.
18. В этом разделе широко цитируется Boxer, Portuguese Seaborne Empire.
19. Grygiel. Great Powers and Geopolitical Change. P. 43.
20. William Dalrymple. The Age of Kali: Indian Travels and Encounters. L.: HarperCollins, 1998. P. 238.
21. Alan Villiers. Monsoon Seas: The Story of the Indian Ocean. N. Y.: McGrawHill, 1952. P. 161–165.
22. Fernа?ndez-Armesto. Pathfinders. P. 181.
23. R. B. Sergeant. The Portuguese Off the South Arabian Coast. Oxford, Eng.: Clarendon, 1963. P. 15.
24. Michael Pearson. The Indian Ocean. N. Y.: Routledge, 2003. P. 125.
25. Plumb in: Boxer, Portuguese Seaborne Empire, p. xxiii.
26. Hall. Empires of the Monsoon. P. 172, 198. См. также: Gaspar Correa. The Three Voyages of Vasco da Gama (1964); Nick Robins. The Corporation That Changed the World: How the East India Company Shaped the Modern Multinational. Hyderabad, India: Orient Longman, 2006. P. 41, 42.
27. T. E. Lawrence. Seven Pillars of Wisdom: A Triumph. L.: Jonathan Cape, 1926, 1935. Ch. 3.
28. Boxer. Portuguese Seaborne Empire. P. 377, 378.
29. Ibid. P. 296.
30. Ibid. P. 39–43.
31. Risso. Merchants & Faith. P. 52.
32. Russell-Wood. Portuguese Empire. P. 15, 18–20.
33. Ibid. P. 21.
34. Fernа?ndo Pessoa. The Book of Disquiet, trans. Margaret Jull Costa. 1982; reprint, N. Y.: Serpent’s Tail, 1991. P. 52.
35. Russell-Wood. The Portuguese Empire. P. 23, 198.
36. C. M. Bowra. Cam?es and the Epic of Portugal // C. M. Bowra. From Virgil to Milton. 1945; reprint, L.: Macmillan, 1967. P. 99, 100; Луис де Камоэнс. Лузиады. Песнь пятая: 81.
37. Камоэнс. Лузиады. Песнь восьмая: 86.
38. Там же. Песнь шестая: 84.
39. White, Introduction to The Lus?ads. См. также: Sanjay Subrahmanyam. The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama. N. Y.: Cambridge University Press, 1997. P. 154–159.
40. Камоэнс. Лузиады. Песнь пятая: 86.
41. Bowra. From Virgil to Milton. P. 86.
42. Камоэнс. Лузиады. Песнь первая: 27.
43. Камоэнс. Лузиады. Песнь пятая: 16.
44. Bowra. From Virgil to Milton. P. 97; Камоэнс. Лузиады. Песнь первая: 64, песнь десятая: 102, 122.
45. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed. N. Y., 1910.
46. Камоэнс. Лузиады. Песнь первая: 3.
47. Там же. Песнь первая: 99.
48. Там же. Песнь девятая: 1.
49. Bowra, From Virgil to Milton. P. 133, 136.
50. Камоэнс. Лузиады. Песнь четвертая: 99.
Глава 5. Белуджистан и Синд
1. Andr? Wink. Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, vol. 1, Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7–11th Centuries. Boston and Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill, 1990, 2002. P. 129.
2. John Keay. The Honourable Company: A History of the English East India Company. L.: HarperCollins, 1991. P. 103.
3. B. Raman. Hambantota and Gwadar – an Update // Institute for Topical Studies. – Chennai, India, 2009.
4. Robert G. Wirsing. Baloch Nationalism and the Geopolitics of Energy Resources: The Changing Context of Separatism in Pakistan // Strategic Studies Institute, U. S. Army War College. Carlisle, PA, 2008. Apr. 17.
5. Wilfred Thesiger. Arabian Sands. N. Y.: Dutton, 1959. P. 276.
6. The Great Land Robbery: Gwadar // The Herald. Karachi, Pakistan, 2008. June.
7. Selig S. Harrison. Ethnic Tensions and the Future of Pakistan. Working paper prepared for the Center for International Policy, 2008.
8. Harrison, Pakistan’s Baluch Insurgency // Le Monde Eiplomatique. 2006. October.
9. International Crisis Group. Pakistan: The Forgotten Conflict in Balochistan // Islamabad / Brussels, Oct. 22, 2007.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Wirsing, Baloch Nationalism and the Geopolitics of Energy Resources.
14. Ibid.
15. Wink. Al-Hind. P. 173, 175.
16. Aryn Baker. Karachi Dreams Big // Time (Asia). 2008. Feb. 8.
17. Robert D. Kaplan. Imperial Grunts: The American Military on the Ground. N. Y.: Random House, 2005. P. 37.
18. Ibid.
19. Freya Stark. East Is West. L.: John Murray, 1945. P. 198.
20. John F. Richards. Mughal Empire. N. Y.: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 51.
21. William Dalrymple. Pakistan in Peril // New York Review of Books. 2009. Feb. 12.
22. Wink. Al-Hind. P. 213.
23. Joseph A. Tainter. The Collapse of Complex Societies. N. Y.: Cambridge University Press, 1988. P. 6.
24. Burton Stein. A History of India. Oxford, Eng.: Blackwell, 1998. P. 22.
25. W. Gordon East. The Geography Behind History. N. Y.: Norton, 1965. P. 142.
26. Asif Raza Morio. Moen Jo Daro, Mysterious City of [the] Indus Valley Civilization. Larkana, Pakistan: Editions, 2007.
27. Mary Anne Weaver. Pakistan: In the Shadow of Jihad and Afghanistan. N. Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002. P. 181.
28. Tainter. Collapse of Complex Societies. P. 1.
29. Richard F. Burton. Sindh: and the Races That Inhabit the Valley of the Indus; with Notices of the Topography and History of the Province. L.: Allen, 1851. P. 3, 362.
Глава 6. Тревожное становление Гуджарата
1. Edward Luce. In Spite of the Gods: The Strange Rise of Modern India. N. Y.: Doubleday, 2007. P. 158–162.
2. Citizens for Justice and Peace, «Summary of the CJP’s Activities Between April 2002 and October 2003», Mumbai.
3. Andr? Wink. Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, vol. 2, The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11–13th Centuries. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997. P. 269.
4. Камоэнс. Лузиады. Песнь десятая: 106.
5. Marshall G. S. Hodgson. The Venture of Islam, vol. 2. The Expansion of Islam in the Middle Periods. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. P. 546; Alan Villiers. Monsoon Seas: The Story of the Indian Ocean. N. Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1952. P. 109.
6. R. A. L. H. Gunawardana. Changing Patterns of Navigation in the Indian Ocean and Their Impact on Pre-Colonial Sri Lanka // Satish Chandra. The Indian Ocean: Explorations in History, Commerce and Politics. New Delhi: Sage, 1987. P. 81.
7. S. Arasaratnam. India and the Indian Ocean in the Seventeenth Century // Ashin Das Gupta and M. N. Pearson, eds. India and the Indian Ocean, 1500–1800. Kolkata: Oxford University Press, 1987.
8. Engseng Ho. Port City States of the Indian Ocean // Harvard University and the Dubai Initiative. 2008. Feb. 9–10.
9. Sugata Bose. A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006. P. 75; Charles Verlinden. The Indian Ocean: The Ancient Period and the Middle Ages // Chandra, Indian Ocean. P. 49.
10. Dwijendra Tripathi. Crisis of Indian Polity and the Historian // Indian History Congress, Amritsar, 2002.
11. См. в настоящем контексте: Hoeber Rudolph and Lloyd I. Rudolph. Modern Hate: How Ancient Animosities Get Invented // New Republic. 1993. Mar. 22.
12. Walter Laqueur, ed. Fascism: A Reader’s Guide; Analyses, Interpretations, Bibliography. L.: Wildwood, 1976.
13. Juan J. Linz. Some Notes Toward a Comparative Study of Fascism in Sociological Historical Perspective. См. также: Zeev Sternhell. Fascist Ideology. Оба в: Laqueur. Fascism.
14. Thomas Pynchon. Foreword to George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four. N. Y.: Penguin, 2003.
15. Achyut Yagnik and Suchitra Sheth. The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva and Beyond. New Delhi: Penguin India, 2005.
16. Камоэнс. Лузиады. Песнь десятая: 60, 64.
17. Amartya Sen. Why Democratization Is Not the Same as Westernization: Democracy and Its Global Roots // New Republic. 2003. Oct. 6.
18. Elias Canetti. Crowds and Power. N. Y.: Viking, 1960.
Глава 7. Взгляд из Дели
1. John F. Richards. The Mughal Empire. N. Y.: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 122.
2. Ibid. P. 35.
3. Richard M. Eaton. The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. P. 159, 160.
4. Richards. Mughal Empire. P. 239, 242.
5. Sugata Bose. A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006. P. 56.
6. William Dalrymple. City of Djinns: A Year in Delhi. L.: HarperCollins, 1993. P. 82, 83.
7. George N. Curzon. Frontiers: The Romanes Lecture 1907. 1907; reprint, Boston: Elibron Classics, 2006. P. 57, 58.
8. Lord Curzon of Kedleston. The Place of India in the Empire. L.: John Murray, 1909. P. 12.
9. Parag Khanna and C. Raja Mohan. Getting India Right // Policy Review. 2006. February/March.
10. Stephen P. Cohen. India: Emerging Power. Washington, DC: Brookings, 2001. P. 55.
11. James R. Holmes, Andrew C. Winner, and Toshi Yoshihara. Indian Naval Strategy in the 21st Century. L.: Routledge, 2009. P. 131.
12. Holmes and Yoshihara. China and the United States in the Indian Ocean: An Emerging Strategic Triangle? // Naval War College Review. 2008. Summer. From Ming’s articles «The Indian Navy Energetically Steps Toward the High Seas» and «The Malacca Dilemma and the Chinese Navy’s Strategic Choices».
13. Holmes and Yoshihara. China and the United States in the Indian Ocean.
14. Geoffrey Kemp. The East Moves West // National Interest. 2006. Summer.
15. Heather Timmons and Somini Sengupta. Building a Modern Arsenal in India // New York Times. 2007. Aug. 31.
16. Daniel Twining. The New Great Game // Weekly Standard. 2006. Dec. 25.
17. Greg Sheridan. East Meets West // National Interest. 2006. November / December.
18. Holmes, Winner, and Toshihara. Indian Naval Strategy in the 21st Century. P. 142.
19. Defense Industry Daily, June 6, 2005.
20. Mohan Malik. Energy Flows and Maritime Rivalries in the Indian Ocean Region. Honolulu: Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, 2008.
21. Adam Wolfe, Yevgeny Bendersky, and Federico Bordonaro // Power and Interest News Report. 2005. July 20.
22. Khanna and Mohan. Getting India Right.
23. Edward Luce, In Spite of the Gods: The Strange Rise of Modern India. N. Y.: Doubleday, 2007. P. 287.
24. Ibid. P. 275.
25. Twining. New Great Game.
26. Stanley Weiss. India: The Incredible and the Vulnerable // International Herald Tribune. 2008. Apr. 23.
27. Khanna and Mohan. Getting India Right.
28. Sunil Khilnani. India as a Bridging Power // The Foreign Policy Centre, 2005.
29. Harsh V. Pant. A Rising India’s Search for a Foreign Policy // Orbis. 2009. Spring.
Глава 8. Бангладеш: борьба за прозябание
1. Alan Villiers. Monsoon Seas: The Story of the Indian Ocean. N. Y.: McGraw Hill, 1952. P. 5.
2. Interview with Jay Gulledge, senior scientist, Pew Center on Global Climate Change, 2009.
3. Richard M. Eaton. The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. P. 306.
4. Samuel P. Huntington. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968. P. 1, 9, 47.
5. Eaton. Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier. P. 235.
6. Камоэнс. Лузиады. Песнь десятая: 121.
7. Suniti Bhushan Qanungo. A History of Chittagong. Chittagong, Bangladesh: Signet. 1988, P. 468.
8. Thant Myint-U. The River of Lost Footsteps: A Personal History of Burma. N. Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006. P. 72.
9. Ibid. P. 110.
Глава 9. Калькутта: очередной город мирового значения
1. John Keay. The Honourable Company: A History of the English East India Company. L.: HarperCollins, 1991. P. 220, 272.
2. Камоэнс. Лузиады. Песнь седьмая: 20.
3. Richard M. Eaton. The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. P. 12, 13, 19, 20, 61, 62, 313.
4. Geoffrey Moorhouse. Calcutta: The City Revealed. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1971. P. 93.
5. Ibid. P. 18.
6. David Gilmour. Curzon: Imperial Statesman. N. Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1994. P. 145.
7. Dominique Lapierre. The City of Joy. N. Y.: Doubleday, 1985.
8. William T. Vollmann. Poor People. N. Y.: Ecco, 2007. P. xiv, 111, 123, 124, 239.
9. Madeleine Biardeau. India, transl. F. Carter. L.: Vista, 1960. P. 65, 73.
10. Moorhouse. Calcutta. P. 128.
11. Sunil Gangopadhyay. Those Days, transl. by Aruna Chakravarti. N. Y.: Penguin, 1981, 1997. P. 581.
12. Basil Lubbock. The Opium Clippers. Boston: Lauriat, 1933. P. 13, 14, 16, 17, 28. См.: C. R. Boxer. The Dutch Seaborne Empire, 1600–1800. L.: Hutchinson, 1965. P. 228.
13. Simon and Rupert Winchester. Calcutta. Oakland, CA: Lonely Planet, 2004. P. 32.
14. Keay. Honourable Company. P. 193.
15. Термин «объективно-исторические силы» (vast impersonal forces) ввел T. С. Элиот. См. эссе Исайи Берлина «Историческая неизбежность» (Historical Inevitability), впервые прочитанное на лекции в 1953 г. и опубликованное в его книге «Четыре эссе о свободе»: Isaiah Berlin. Four Essays on Liberty. L.: Oxford University Press, 1969.
16. Thomas Babington Macaulay. Essay on Lord Clive, edited with notes and an introduction by Preston C. Farrar. 1840; reprint, N. Y.: Longmans, Green, 1910. P. xxx, 3, 16, 17.
17. Keay. Honourable Company. P. 289.
18. Ibid. P. 281.
19. Macaulay. Essay on Lord Clive. P. 22.
20. Ibid. P. 24, 25.
21. Keay. Honourable Company. P. 290.
22. Ibid. P. 36, 37.
23. Moorhouse. Calcutta. P. 25, 26.
24. Macaulay. Essay on Lord Clive. P. 39.
25. Ibid. P. 40.
26. Ibid. P. 41.
27. Macaulay. Essay on Lord Clive. P. 43.
28. Ibid. P. 44.
29. Ibid. P. 45.
30. Ibid. P. 45, 46.
31. Keay. Honourable Company. P. 315.
32. Ibid. P. 51.
33. Macaulay. Essay on Lord Clive. P. 59, 60.
34. Ibid. P. 61.
35. Macaulay. Essay on Lord Clive. P. 97.
36. Harvey. Clive. P. 375, 376.
37. Nick Robins. The Corporation That Changed the World: How the East India Company Shaped the Modern Multinational. Hyderabad, India: Orient Longman, 2006. P. 168.
38. Ibid. P. 103.
Глава 10. Стратегия и прекрасное
1. David Gilmour. Curzon: Imperial Statesman. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1994. P. 181.
2. C. Raja Mohan. Crossing the Rubicon: The Shaping of India’s New Foreign Policy. N. Y.: Penguin, 2003. P. 204.
3. Ibid.
4. George Friedman. The Geopolitics of India: A Shifting, Self-Contained World // Stratford. 2008. December.
5. Shashi Tharoor. Nehru: The Invention of India. N. Y.: Arcade, 2003. P. 185.
6. Simon and Rupert Winchester. Calcutta Oakland, CA: Lonely Planet, 2004. P. 78.
7. Amartya Sen. Tagore and His India // New York Review of Books. 1997. June 26.
8. Rabindranath Tagore. Passing Time in the Rain, in his Selected Short Stories, trans. William Radice. New Delhi: Penguin, 1991. Appendix.
9. См. рассказ Little Master’s Return и вступление переводчика там же.
10. Samuel Huntington. The Clash of Civilizations? // Foreign Affairs. 1993. Summer.
11. Цит. по: Sen. Tagore and His India.
12. См.: Letters, Appendix B, in Tagore’s Selected Stories.
13. Sugata Bose. A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006. P. 235.
14. Ibid. P. 261.
15. Ibid. P. 270, 271. См. также: Bose’s footnote. P. 312, and ch. Seven, on Tagore, near the end of A Hundred Horizons.
Глава 11. Шри-Ланка: новая геополитика
1. B. Raman. Hambantota and Gwadar – an Update // Institute for Topical Studies. Chennai, India, 2009.
2. О «мягком» влиянии Китая см.: Joshua Kurlantzick. Charm Offensive: How China’s Soft Power Is Transforming the World. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007.
3. George F. Hourani. Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1951. P. 40.
4. Richard Hall. Empires of the Monsoon: A History of the Indian Ocean and Its Invaders. L.: HarperCollins, 1996. P. 80, 92.
5. Sudha Ramachandran. China Moves into India’s Backyard // Asia Times. 2007. Mar. 13; Bethany Danyluk, Juli A. MacDonald, and Ryan Tuggle. Energy Futures in Asia: Perspectives on India’s Energy Security Strategy and Policies // Booz Allen Hamilton, 2007.
6. Harsh V. Pant. End Game in Sri Lanka // Jakarta Post. 2009. Feb. 25.
7. Jeremy Page. Chinese Billions in Sri Lanka Fund Battle Against Tamil Tigers // The Times of London. 2009. May 2.
8. Неамериканские СМИ – например BBC и Al Jazeera – говорили о Шри-Ланке подробнее.
9. K. M. de Silva. Reaping the Whirlwind: Ethnic Conflict, Ethnic Politics in Sri Lanka. New Delhi: Penguin, 1998. P. 8.
10. Ibid. P. 19, 82.
11. John Richardson. Paradise Poisoned: Learning About Conflict, Terrorism and Development from Sri Lanka’s Civil Wars. Kandy, Sri Lanka: International Centre for Ethnic Studies, 2005. P. 24–27; Kingsley M. de Silva. Managing Ethnic Tensions in Multi-Ethnic Societies. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1986. Pp. 361–368; Tom Lowenstein, Treasures of the Buddha: The Glories of Sacred Asia. L.: Duncan Baird, 2006. P. 62–66.
12. Многие сведения о сингальско-тамильском противостоянии взяты из беспристрастной и исчерпывающе полной книги Ричардсона, равно как и из не менее полновесного труда: De Silva. Reaping the Whirlwind.
13. Narayan Swamy. Tigers of Lanka: From Boys to Guerrillas. New Delhi: Konark, 1994. P. 40–92; Mary Anne Weaver. The Gods and the Stars // New Yorker. 1988. Mar. 21; Richardson. Paradise Poisoned. P. 351, 352, 479, 480.
14. Michael Radu. How to Kill Civilians in the Name of «Human Rights»: Lessons from Sri Lanka // E-Note, Forein Policy Research Institute, fpri.org. 2009. February.
15. Michael Radu. How to Kill Civilians in the Name of «Human Rights»: Lessons from Sri Lanka // Foreign Policy Research Institute. 2009. February.
16. Jakub J. Grygiel. The Power of Statelessness // Policy Review. 2009. April / May.
17. Al Jazeera. 2009. May 20.
18. Emily Wax. Editor’s Killing Underscores Perils of Reporting in Sri Lanka // Washington Post. 2009. Jan. 15.
19. Samuel P. Huntington. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968. P. 7.
20. Интервью с Пэтом Гарреттом, старшим научным сотрудником Booz Allen Hamilton.
Глава 12. Бирма: страна, в которой сталкиваются Индия и Китай
1. Washington Post, editorial. Aug. 30, 2007.
2. Norman Lewis, Golden Earth. Travels in Burma. 1952; reprint, L.: Eland, 2003. P. 137, 138, 151, 205.
3. Dana Dillon and John J. Tkacik Jr. China’s Quest for Asia // Policy Review. 2005/2006. December/January.
4. Joshua Kurlantzik. The Survivalists: How Burma’s Junta Hangs On // New Republic. 2008. June 11.
5. Greg Sheridan. East Meets West // National Interest. 2006. November/December.
6. Thant Myint-U. The River of Lost Footsteps: A Personal History of Burma. N. Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006. P. 41.
7. Ibid. P. 47, 59.
8. Pankaj Mishra. The Revolt of the Monks // New York Review of Books. 2008. Feb. 14.
9. Martin Smith. Burma: Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity. L.: Zed, 1991. ch. 2.
10. Ibid.
11. Thant Myint-U. River of Lost Footsteps. P. 162.
12. Amitav Ghosh. In The Glass Palace. N. Y.: Random House, 2000.
13. Mishra. Revolt of the Monks.
14. Brigadier Bernard Fergusson. The Wild Green Earth. L.: Collins, 1946.
15. Washington Post. 2007. Aug. 30.
16. Mishra. Revolt of the Monks.
17. James Fallows. Evil in Burma // TheAtlantic.com. 2008. May 11.
Глава 13. Индонезия: тропический ислам
1. Robert D. Kaplan. Hog Pilots, Blue Water Grunts: The American Military in the Air, at Sea, and on the Ground. N. Y.: Random House, 2007. Ch. 3.
2. Simon Winchester. Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded; August 27, 1883. N. Y.: HarperCollins, 2003. P. 40, 41, 320, 321.
3. Ibid. P. 326.
4. M. C. Ricklefs. A History of Modern Indonesia Since C. 1200. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1981. P. 10.
5. Clifford Geertz. Islam Observed: Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968. P. 11, 12, 16, 66. Фабианством звалось общественное британское движение, возникшее сто лет назад. Оно призывало к демократическому правлению и либеральным реформам, избрав постепенный, нереволюционный подход к делу.
6. Giora Eliraz. Islam in Indonesia: Modernism, Radicalism, and the Middle East Dimension. Brighton, Eng.: Sussex, 2004. P. 74.
7. V. S. Naipaul. Among the Believers: An Islamic Journey. N. Y.: Penguin, 1981. P. 304, 331.
8. John Hughes. The End of Sukarno: A Coup That Misfired; a Purge That Ran Wild. Singapore: Archipelago, 1967, 2002. P. 166–169.
9. Geertz. Islam Observed. P. 65.
10. Eliraz. Islam in Indonesia. P. 42, 43; Winchester. Krakatoa. P. 333, 334.
11. Malcolm H. Kerr. Islamic Reform: The Political and Legal Theories of Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Rida. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966. P. 15.
12. Geertz. Islam Observed. P. 17.
13. Eliraz. Islam in Indonesia. P. 6–8, 14, 20.
14. Ibid. P. 31.
15. Geertz. Islam Observed. P. 61, 62.
16. Andrew MacIntyre and Douglas E. Ramage. Seeing Indonesia as a Normal Country. Barton: Australian Strategic Policy Institute, 2008.
17. Eliraz. Islam in Indonesia. P. 67.
Глава 14. Сердце приморской Азии
1. Juli A. MacDonald, Amy Donahue, and Bethany Danyluk. Energy Futures in Asia: Final Report // Booz Allen Hamilton. 2004. November.
2. Я подробно писал о Сингапуре в предыдущей своей книге: Hog Pilots, Blue Water Grunts: The American Military in the Air, at Sea, and on the Ground. N. Y.: Random House, 2007. Ch. 3.
3. Mohan Malik. Energy Flows and Maritime Rivalries in the Indian Ocean Region. Honolulu: Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, 2008.
4. Ian W. Porter. The Indian Ocean Rim // African Security Review. 1997. Vol. 6. № 6. Mentioned by Malik.
5. G. B. Souza. Maritime Trade and Politics in China and the South China Sea, included in Ashin Das Gupta and M. N. Pearson, eds., India and the Indian Ocean, 1500–1800. Kolkata: Oxford University Press, 1987.
6. Dorothy Van Duyne. The Straits of Malacca: Strategic Considerations. United States Naval Academy, 2007.
7. Donald B. Freeman. The Straits of Malacca: Gateway or Gauntlet? Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003. P. 55.
8. Patricia Risso. Merchants & Faith: Muslim Commerce and Culture in the Indian Ocean. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1995. P. 90.
9. Arun Das Gupta. The Maritime Trade of Indonesia: 1500–1800 // Ashin Das Gupta; Pearson. India and the Indian Ocean. New Delhi: Sage, 1987; Satish Chandra. The Indian Ocean: Explorations in History, Commerce and Politics. New Delhi: Sage, 1987. P. 181, 182.
10. Michael Leifer. Malacca, Singapore, and Indonesia. Alphen aan den Rijn, the Netherlands: Sijthoff & Noordhoff, 1978. P. 9. См. также: Van Duyne, Straits of Malacca.
11. Van Duyne. Straits of Malacca.
12. Han van der Horst. The Low Sky: Understanding the Dutch, trans. Andy Brown. The Hague: Scriptum, 1996. P. 29, 85, 127; Geert Mak, Amsterdam: A Brief Life of the City, trans. by Philipp Blom. L.: Harvill, 1995, 2001. P. 1.
13. Van der Horst. Low Sky. P. 90, 91.
14. J. H. Plumb, introduction to C. R. Boxer, The Dutch Seaborne Empire, 1600–1800. L.: Hutchinson, 1965.
15. Mak. Amsterdam. P. 120.
16. Boxer. Dutch Seaborne Empire. P. 29. Многие материалы, касающиеся голландской империи и включенные в данную главу, основываются на этой классической книге.
17. Mak. Amsterdam. P. 120, 121.
18. Alan Villers. Monsoon Seas: The Story of the Indian Ocean. N. Y.: McGrawHill, 1952. P. 166, 167.
19. Plumb, introduction to Boxer, Dutch Seaborne Empire.
20. Boxer. Dutch Seaborne Empire. P. 50, 102.
21. Holden Furber. Rival Empires of Trade in the Orient, 1600–1800. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2004. P. 36.
22. Apud E. du Perron. De Muze van Jan Compagnie. Indonesia: Bandung, 1948. P. 13; см. также: Boxer. Dutch Seaborne Empire. P. 56.
23. Ibid.
24. Boxer. Dutch Seaborne Empire. P. 78.
25. Mak. Amsterdam. P. 160, 161.
26. Villiers. Monsoon Seas. P. 177.
27. Boxer. Dutch Seaborne Empire. P. 273.
28. Paul Kennedy. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000. N. Y.: Random House, 1987.
29. Andrew MacIntyre and Douglas E. Ramage. Seeing Indonesia as a Normal Country. Barton: Australian Strategic Policy Institute, 2008.
30. Я писал подробнее о Ли Куан Ю в моей кн.: Hog Pilots, Blue Water Grunts, ch. 3.
31. Ioannis Gatsiounis. Year of the Rat: A Letter from Kuala Lumpur // American Interest. 2008. May/June.
32. Dana Dillon and John J. Tkacik Jr., China’s Quest for Asia // Policy Review. 2005/2006. December/January.
33. Hugo Restall. Pressure Builds on Singapore’s System // Far Eastern Economic Review. 2008. Sept. 5.
ЧАCТЬ ТРЕТЬЯ
Глава 15. Китай: стратегия двух океанов
1. William H. McNeill. The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963. P. 565.
2. Gabriel B. Collins et al., eds., China’s Energy Strategy: The Impact on Beijing’s Maritime Policies. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2008.
3. Toshi Yoshihara and James Holmes. Command of the Sea with Chinese Characteristics // Orbis. 2005. Fall.
4. Ibid.
5. Andrew Erickson and Lyle Goldstein. Gunboats for China’s New «Grand Canals’?» // Naval War College Review. 2009. Spring.
6. James R. Holmes and Toshi Yoshihara. Chinese Naval Strategy in the 21st Century: The Turn to Mahan. N. Y.: Routledge, 2008. P. 52, 53.
7. Nicholas J. Spykman. America’s Strategy in World Politics: The United States and the Balance of Power, with an introduction by Francis P. Sempa. 1942; New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 2007. P. XVI. Фраза впервые встречается в работе: Spykman and Abbie A. Rollins. Geographic Objectives in Foreign Policy II // American Political Science Review. 1939. August.
8. Donald B. Freeman. The Straits of Malacca: Gateway or Gauntlet? Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003. P. 77.
9. Juli A. MacDonald, Amy Donahue, and Bethany Danyluk. Energy Futures in Asia: Final Report // Booz Allen Hamilton, 2004.
10. Jakub J. Grygiel. Great Powers and Geopolitical Change. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. P. 142–148.
11. Aaron L. Friedberg. The Weary Titan: Britain and the Experience of Relative Decline, 1895–1905. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.
12. Fariborz Haghshenass. Iran’s Asymmetric Naval Warfare. Washington Institute for Near East Policy, September 2008.
Глава 16. Единство и безвластие
1. Ben Simpfendorfer. The New Silk Road: How a Rising Arab World Is Turning Away from the West and Rediscovering China. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. P. 1.
2. Nicholas J. Spykman. America’s Strategy in World Politics: The United States and the Balance of Power. 1942; reprint, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 2008.
3. Simpfendorfer. New Silk Road, p. 40; Ulrich Jacoby. Getting Together // Finance and Development, International Monetary Fund. 2007. June.
4. Andrew Droddy. The Silent Scramble for Africa // United States Naval Academy, 2006.
5. Alex Vines and Elizabeth Sidiropolous. India and Africa // TheWorld Today.org, 2008; Vibhuti Hate, South Asia Monitor // Center for Strategic and International Studies. 2008. June 10.
6. Sharon Burke. Natural Security (working paper) // Center for a New American Security. 2009. June.
7. Mohan Malik. Energy Flows and Maritime Rivalries in the Indian Ocean Region. Honolulu: Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, 2008; Opportunity Knocks: Africa’s Prospects and Everything to Play For: Middle East and Africa // Economist. 2008. Oct. 9 and Nov. 19; Sarah Childress. In Africa, Democracy Gains Amid Turmoil // Wall Street Journal. 2008. June 18; Tony Elumelu. Africa Stands Out // TheWorld Today.org. 2009. May.
8. Robert D. Kaplan. The Ends of the Earth. N. Y.: Random House, 1996. P. 7; Spykman. America’s Strategy in World Politics. P. 92.
9. Robert D. Kaplan. The Coming Anarchy // Atlantic Monthly. 1994. February.
10. Janet L. Abu-Lughod. Before European Hegemony: The World System A. D. 1250–1350. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 1989. P. 12.
11. Opportunity Knocks // Economist.
12. Alan Villiers. Monsoon Seas: The Story of the Indian Ocean. N. Y.: McGraw Hill, 1952. P. 208, 210.
13. Ross E. Dunn. The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the 14th Century. L.: Croom Helm, 1986. P. 219; Simon Digby The Maritime Trade of India // Tapan Ray Chaudhuri and Irfan Habib, eds., The Cambridge Economic History of India, vol. I. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 1982. P. 152. См. также: Patricia Risso. Merchants & Faith: Muslim Commerce and Culture in the Indian Ocean. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1995. P. 53.
14. Jakub J. Grygiel. Great Powers and Geopolitical Change. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. P. 153.
15. George F. Hourani. Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1951. P. 55, 113, 114.
16. Fernand Braudel. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, vol. 2. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. P. 865, 869.
17. Richard J. Norton. Feral Cities // Naval War College Review. 2003. Fall. См. также: Matthew M. Frick. Feral Cities, Pirate Havens // Proceedings. Annapolis, MD. 2008. December.
18. Donald B. Freeman. The Straits of Malacca: Gateway or Gauntlet? Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003. P. 175.
19. Michael Pearson. The Indian Ocean. N. Y.: Routledge, 2003. P. 127.
20. Freeman. Straits of Malacca. P. 175.
21. Sugata Bose. A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the Age of Golden Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006. P. 45–47.
22. Abdulrazak Gurnah. Desertion. N. Y.: Anchor, 2005. P. 83.
23. John Keay. The Honourable Company: A History of the English East India Company. L.: HarperCollins, 1991. P. 255, 256.
24. Basil Lubbock. The Opium Clippers. Boston: Lauriat, 1933. P. 8, 181.
25. Freeman. Straits of Malacca. P. 174–179, 181–183.
Глава 17. Занзибар: последний рубеж
1. Richard Hall. Empires of the Monsoon: A History of the Indian Ocean and Its Invaders. L.: HarperCollins, 1996. P. 397, 415, 446.
2. Alan Villiers. Monsoon Seas: The Story of the Indian Ocean. N. Y.: McGrawHill, 1952. P. 87.
3. Ryszard Kapuscinski. The Shadow of the Sun, trans. Klara Glowczewska. N. Y.: Vintage, 2001. P. 83.
4. Alan Moorehead. The White Nile. L.: Hamish Hamilton, 1960. Ch. 1.
5. G. Thomas Burgess. Cosmopolitanism and Its Discontents // Race, Revolution, and the Struggle for Human Rights in Zanzibar. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2009.
6. Abdul Sheriff. Race and Class in the Politics of Zanzibar // Afrika Spectrum. 2001. Vol. 36. № 3.
7. Abdulrazak Gurnah. Admiring Silence. N. Y.: The New Press, 1996. P. 66, 67.
8. Ibid. P. 151.
9. Abdulrazak Gurnah. Paradise. N. Y.: The New Press, 1994. P. 119.
10. Gurnah. Admiring Silence. P. 131.
11. Gurnah. Paradise. P. 174.
12. Abdulrazak Gurnah. Desertion. N. Y.: Anchor, 2005. P. 212.
13. Gurnah. Admiring Silence. P. 69, 144, 121, 150.
14. Gurnah. Desertion. P. 256.
15. Gurnah. Admiring Silence. P. 67, 134.
16. Gurnah. Desertion. P. 110, 225.
17. Sunil Gangopadhyay. Those Days, trans. Aruna Chakravarti. N. Y.: Penguin, 1981, 1997. P. 7.
18. Richard M. Eaton. The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. P. 60, 167, 168.
Данный текст является ознакомительным фрагментом.